Bipolar Disorder And Dogs Manic Depression - 1443 Words

Bipolar Disorder and Dogs Manic depression also known as Bipolar Disorder is not your normal up and down mood change; it’s not like what most people experience, getting a little sad and getting over it. Instead it is extreme mood swing that â€Å"usually going from EXTREMLY happy to EXTREMLY angry† also include emotional highs and lows such as, depression and mania. Mood changes can happen as little as a few times a year or as often as several times a week; it depends on the person and their environment. At times, you feel very depressed and other times very relate. Bipolar disorder usually starts between the ages of 15 to 19 and rarely starts at the age of 40. When depressed or in a low mood you feel like you re not happy all the time might†¦show more content†¦And episodes are noticeably stronger especially when depressed. For people who have bipolar and are feeling down many symptoms are similar to those that are depression and every thought is consumed in sadness; they have feelings of worthlessness, excessive guilt, fatigue, inability to concentrate, abnormal weight gain or weight loss, insomnia or abnormally oversleeping and they may even have thoughts of suicide. When flipped to the other side maniac displaced feelings of extreme energy restlessness and irritability they re overly confident themselves talking fast and erratic. They have high energy and excess need for activity you need much less sleepy early 3 hours would be more than enough. They have no self-control and spend money recklessly and they re easily irritated when things don t go their way. People with bipolar will display different abnormal mood changes on various intervals for example they could be depressed for 3 to 4 months and return to their normal selves for a few months and maniac for a couple of months and then back to their normal self again. It s not necessarily that the occurrence of both moods will take place one after the other it could be depressed normal depressed again normal again and then manic or manic first and then depressed after that. Bipolar disorder can affect anyone of any gender, age or profession but it is most commonly foundShow MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )1541 Words   |  7 PagesManic depression, also known as Bipolar Disorder is not your normal up and down mood change; it’s not like what most people experience, getting a little sad and getting over it. Instead it is extreme mood swing that â€Å"usually going from EXTREMLY happy to EXTREMLY angry† also include emotional highs and lows such as, depression and mania. Mood changes can happen as little as a few times a year or as often as several times a week; it depends on the person and their environment. At times, you feel veryRead MoreDepression Paper1107 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment: Depression Paper Stress and situational depression are seen as just a part of life. As people grow and experience life they encounter events that trigger stress and signs of depression. These events can include changes in the professional world, death, and academics. Changes in mood such as these are temporary, and are pretty common. Aside from these normal occurrences actual depression, or clinical depression, is seen in 1 in 10 Americans. Clinical depression is a mental illnessRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Mental Health Issue1619 Words   |  7 Pages The word â€Å"bipolar† is commonly tossed around in our daily vocabulary to simply describe a person who is overly moody and easily irritated. However, the implications of the mental health issue, that is bipolar disorder, is much more complex than is implied. Bipolar disorder was first discovered in 1851 by French psychiatrist Jean-Pierre Falret who described the condition as â€Å"la folie circulaire† which literally translates to circular insanity (SeddlerRead MoreThe Characteristics of Bipolar Disorder and Modes of Treatment1026 Words   |  5 PagesBipolar disorder (manic-depression) is a neurological disorder influencing mood. Without treatment, people afflicted by this disorder demonstrate extreme emotional fluctuations throughout their lives. Yet despite (or perhaps as a result of) the unusual intensity of the bipolar emotional roller coaster, many people with this disorder have been widely regarded as leaders and high achievers in a variety of fields of endea vor. A closer look at bipolar disorder seems to reveal a cycle of extremes fromRead MoreThe Film Silver Linings Playbook And If It Accurately Represents Pat Solatano s Mental Illness961 Words   |  4 Pageshim he has a manic attack and is required to spend many years in a mental institution to help with this disorder. When Pat gets out of the mental institution he planned on getting his life back together and going back to the way things used to be with his old job and wife. The mental illness that will be looked at is bipolar disorder. The mental illness is bipolar disorder, this disorder is when a person can â€Å"have extreme moods of feeling really high, very active and euphoric ( manic ); or feelingRead MoreGlass Castle903 Words   |  4 Pageslikely that Rose Mary carries manic depression since she potentially has something wrong with her ways of thinking and behaving. By definition, manic depression is otherwise known as bipolar disorder in modern times. It is â€Å"a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, behavior, thinking and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks.†(Introduction: Bipolar Disorder) This overall definition clearly supports the argument that Rose Mary carries bipolar disorder. Often times in the memoirRead MoreThe Stigma Associated With Bipolar Disorder1448 Words   |  6 PagesLiving with Bipolar Disorder The stigma associated with bipolar disorder is unacceptable. The purpose of this paper is to improve the readers ability to understand what bipolar disorder is and how being diagnosed with this disorder affects all facets of daily living. Family, friends and associates of individuals with bipolar disorder are often affected as well. As a result of the stigma associated with the disorder, the effects remain: often multiplied by individuals that have a limited understandingRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Major Depression1358 Words   |  6 PagesMood disorders are characterized by unstable emotions, which are not always completely within the individual s control. Mood disorders are one of the most common categories of psychological disorders, and the two most common disorders within this category are bipolar disorder and major depression (also known as clinical depression). These disorders often require a patient to take medications to regulate their mood, which is often paired with psy chotherapy or â€Å"talk therapy.† While they are commonRead MoreEssay about The Research on Bipolar Disorder1673 Words   |  7 Pagescity it strives for order and efficiency. However a patient with Bipolar Disorder has a very chaotic type of brain function; causing changes in mood and sometimes suicidal thoughts Bipolar Disorder is a common psychiatric mood disorder that is defined by recurrent episodes of abnormally elevated mood and depression, changes in energy and, the ability to carry out day to day tasks. (Joel, Jakosson and colleges) â€Å"Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a chronic disease with high risk of relapse. This diseaseRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )1808 Words   |  8 PagesBipolar disorder Bipolar Disorder, also known as manic- depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes out of the ordinary shifts in a person’s mood, energy and having the ability to do everyday tasks. Bipolar affects millions of people every year (1 % of population) per year. This particular type of disorder does not only affect one particular person, it also affects the people around them (family, friends). Bipolar disorder was discovered in 1875 by a man of the name of Jules Falret and was

About Me Free Essays

My culture, Hinduism, and race, Indian, have been the most influential characteristics in my life. These two characteristics combined also influence my other characteristics such as my age and sex. In America, my age restricts me from doing many things; but coming from a Hindu background brings me many more responsibilities along with my age. We will write a custom essay sample on About Me or any similar topic only for you Order Now My sex prohibits me from achieving many life goals that other people would have no problem achieving. My ethnicity and culture have had a very big impact on my social life. Learning that I was different from others was an experience that I will remember for the rest of my life. I learned about one of my dominant characteristics in the second grade. One day in class, Steven Vogel cut out little red dots for me because I did not already have one on my forehead. He also howled like an American Indian and did a rain dance for me. That day, I realized that I was different and I would have to live with it for the rest of my life. I lived in a southern town of Florida near the border of Alabama where many people were not open to other races; so I would have to get used to the taunting. At that time, I realized that I am Indian. Growing up, everyone wants to be in the in-group. Being an Indian Hindu girl, I was told not to go out. I was not allowed to go to football games, school dances, or any other after-school functions. No matter how much we want to be in the popular group in high school, most Indian children belong in the group between the in-group and the nerds. Hindu parents usually do not let their children go out because they believe their children will be corrupted. For example, I really wanted to go to my senior prom, but I was not allowed to. I was not even allowed to get a job like a normal teenager. This summer I asked my parents if I could so that I could save up for college. My father did not let me get a job because I had to stay home to learn how to cook. Females have very little advantages in my culture. We are not allowed to be too educated. If a woman is too educated, she is basically considered to be no good, modern, too independent and an instigator of family problems after marriage. The belief that girls should not be allowed as much freedom and independence as men hinders other women, from achieving many of our life goals and me. With age I have many responsibilities and restrictions. Most of my restrictions come from living in America. I am not yet allowed to vote. I am not given many job opportunities: I went to the mall a week ago to find a job but most of the stores require their employees to be eighteen. Another restriction that my ethnicity, along with age and sex, brings is marriage. A good Indian girl is engaged by the age of twenty-one or twenty-two. I am only seventeen years old, but I am expected to know how to cook and clean because this is the prime age when the adult matchmakers observe me. I expect my life in the future to include being a housewife. I approve of the concept of housewives, but I would like to be more educated. The times have slowly been changing. I am a first generation Indian-American and I have more privileges than my parents did. Because of the changing times, I may be able to fulfill my dreams of becoming a doctor. The typical Indian, Hindu family instills the importance of respect and morals into their children. I have learned to appreciate all of the values that my parents have taught me while growing up. This is a big privilege because when I look out in the world, I see families who teach their children to hate or do not teach their children the significance of respect. I was taught also to especially respect my teachers. Many people, however, do not have that same respect. I am proud that I have had the chance to learn and grow up with the values and principles that are taught by Hinduism. How to cite About Me, Essay examples

Examine how different directors have portrayed Shakespeares Romeo And Juliet which stays most faithful to Shakespeares Original Text Essay Example For Students

Examine how different directors have portrayed Shakespeares Romeo And Juliet which stays most faithful to Shakespeares Original Text Essay As part of my GCSE Coursework, I have watched two films, from two different eras. Zefferelli an older, more traditional film made in the 1970s. And I compared this to Baz Luhrman, a more modern version created in the 90s. Zefferellis version is more appealing to an older generation, or a person studying at a higher level. It uses more of a traditional perspective and the text is more closely related than in Baz Luhrmans version. It is set in an old town obviously Verona, and gives the reader the visual image on how it would of looked in the original script, also it concentrates more on what the actors do, and how it was done in Shakespeares time. I feel that there is no close relation between Romeo and Juliet and the love between them perhaps could have been shown in a different way or aspect, after all that is what the play was about, the love of both Romeo And Juliet. Zefferellis version is filmed over a wide area, through a large town, market place and other areas of the city, this doesnt really give the perspective that Shakespeare would of wanted, as the original Romeo And Juliet play was displayed on a stage, not in a large area. Although Zefferellis version is closely linked to Shakespeares original text, I feel that the way it was shot doesnt reflect in the same way, and give the viewer the impression that love is in the air, as perhaps Luhrmans version suggests. This could be for a number of reasons; the actors could not of been as experienced as the actors chosen for Baz Luhrmans version such as Leonardo De Caprio, who is a very experienced actor who has worked in such films as Titanic a box office hit in 1997, and Gangs Of New York a more recent film with great success. Also due to the time difference of the films, different technological advances were developed such as Computer Special effects and the effect of rain seen often in Luhrma ns version. Both directors would have a different opinion on the Play and seen various versions to give them ideas on how to shoot the film, and with added own ideas make it better than other versions, and unique to the director in thoughts and the way that the film is shot. Where as in Luhrmans version, the play is more modern and adapted for a more modern audience. It is set in a modern United States city, probably originally Miami or LA, but of the purposes of the film it has been re-named Verona Beach. The whole modern approach to Romeo and Juliet gives a better insight into the original text, and in some ways gives the play a whole new character and life. Although it doesnt follow the script and the original styles of Shakespeare, some of the original thoughts are kept, but blended into the film effectively; such examples include the small areas that are used, like the Petrol Station in the first scene, the small area that Is used signifies a sort of stage area, and the close rivalry becomes heated in this small environment. Also the scene when Mercutio gets killed by Tybalt, is done within a knocked down theatre, they fight on the stage, and around what is left of the seating area, this also reminds the audience that it was originally a play, and in some ways this stays faithful to Shakespeares original. Also at the start of Luhrmans version the introduction tells the story, and what is going to happen, it introduces the main characters and the basic outline of the story, this wa s common at all plays, because not many could understand the reasonings behind the play, this helped to link it together and give an audience a better understanding of the play being performed. .u6a0b5c93f9f176349925b62ac5b0937b , .u6a0b5c93f9f176349925b62ac5b0937b .postImageUrl , .u6a0b5c93f9f176349925b62ac5b0937b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6a0b5c93f9f176349925b62ac5b0937b , .u6a0b5c93f9f176349925b62ac5b0937b:hover , .u6a0b5c93f9f176349925b62ac5b0937b:visited , .u6a0b5c93f9f176349925b62ac5b0937b:active { border:0!important; } .u6a0b5c93f9f176349925b62ac5b0937b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6a0b5c93f9f176349925b62ac5b0937b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6a0b5c93f9f176349925b62ac5b0937b:active , .u6a0b5c93f9f176349925b62ac5b0937b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6a0b5c93f9f176349925b62ac5b0937b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6a0b5c93f9f176349925b62ac5b0937b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6a0b5c93f9f176349925b62ac5b0937b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6a0b5c93f9f176349925b62ac5b0937b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6a0b5c93f9f176349925b62ac5b0937b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6a0b5c93f9f176349925b62ac5b0937b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6a0b5c93f9f176349925b62ac5b0937b .u6a0b5c93f9f176349925b62ac5b0937b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6a0b5c93f9f176349925b62ac5b0937b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How does Shakespeare and Duffy approach the theme of love EssayAlthough the play stays close to the original in the way that the script is written, the whole film is modernized so certain aspects of the text has been elaborated, venues changed and text added to give a more modern dramatical effect. Such examples of this include the use of a Petrol Station, I think Baz used this venue for the first fight we see, as a modern viewer could relate to the petrol station better as most have been to one and used one, a market place possibly couldnt give such a good effect as a market place as they have been around a lot longer, they are more traditional and more people go to a sup ermarket as most things which are in a market can be found there. A more modern weapon has been used in Luhrmans version, a Longsword 9mm gun. It links well with the more traditional Shakespeare weapon the sword, and within Baz version, the two weapons are in a certain way joined together as one to make a more powerful weapon. Also Character roles have changed within the film, for example in the original text Prince Escalus of Verona has overall charge in the town, but within Luhrmans version he becomes Captain Prince, Chief of Verona Beach Police Department. This again gives a more modern feel and something the audience could relate to, Princes of towns dont exist anymore, so the changing of roles to a police chief makes it more understanding for the audience. Which is more effective? I feel that Zefferelli is effective in its own ways the same as Luhrmans version, but the complicated storylines and views seem to be shown better in Luhrmans version. It is more broken down by added scenes and the whole storyline is easier to follow than Zefferellis version. Zefferellis is made brilliantly, but for a modern person I feel that Luhrmans version shows what Shakespeare would of wanted. Even though deep analysis is needed in places, it is a lot easier to understand and enjoy than Zefferelli which does nothing for me. Now I am going to compare scenes within both films, highlight the similarities, differences with each version and the references to Shakespeares original text. I have decided to compare firstly Act One Scene One. This the opening scene needs to be eye catching and effective to get the audiences attention, I feel that Luhrmans version of this scene clearly is made better than Zefferellis. It is made with little relevance to the original text, but still includes Shakespeares main ideas. The ideas clearly shown in Luhrmans version include barriers throughout, and hatred between both families. At the start, the 1st thing we see is a van pulling away from the middle of the petrol station, both families are placed either side of this van, so invisible to each other, it is only when the van pulls away that heat begins to show, and friction between the families is rough. The use of a petrol station signifies perhaps the hatred between the families, petrol is highly flammable in the same way that any small misunderstanding could spark off a fight between the families, I have suggested the comment A feud waiting to spark this links both original idea s with modern ideas, the feuds, original ideas and sparks being the things that start fires, or in this case feuds, the relationship between both families is flammable, and one spark could set the whole thing on fire. The sign Add More Fuel To Your Fire suggests that each time the families feud, the results become more worse and life threatening, as we see through the film, this is correct as a simple fight in a petrol station ends up with the place blowing up, a Montague killed and an all out right Civil Brawl within the streets of Verona Beach. This continues with the killing of Mercutio and Tybalt, and which leads to Romeos banishment from Verona.

Young Hunting Essay Example For Students

Young Hunting Essay I finally shot my first bird! I said after I got the bird in my hands. I was very excited. I hunted almost all my life and finally shot something. I hunted and still hunt because I enjoy going out in nature, to relax, and learn new skills like finding the trace of an animal. Going out hunting is exciting because it is one of my favorite hobbies. When I was five years old I began hunting with my grandfather, but it wasnt me that shot with the gun yet. Throughout all the years I have been hunting with him I have learned that nature should be respected. He once said to me in French Respecter la nature cest le plus important que la chasse. We will write a custom essay on Young Hunting specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now It means that respecting nature is more important than hunting. If nobody respects nature and trashes it then there wouldnt be a nice place to hunt because of not having enough trees or there wouldnt be many animals. An example could be when scientists let loose a disease that almost killed all of the rabbits in the place where I hunt, but now it stopped, luckily. People can respect nature by giving food, water, and shelter to the animals because in the winter they would need those things. Another thing my grandfather thought me was to find the traces of animals like rabbits, deer, and boars. He taught me how to find those traces because a hunting dog cannot find all the passages that an animal went through so you need to show him where to go to be on the right trace. My grandfather also thought me not to get fines because they are could get really expensive. They could go as high a 10 thousand French Francs and the hunting license will be taken away automatically. I began using a riffle at the age of thirteen on October 28, which was five days before my 14th birthday. I dont have my hunting license yet but Im going to try to get it when Im 15. My grandfather has a riffle for me to use in the winter vacations. When he let me use the riffle for the first time he gave me a small bullet and I missed a bird, but I didnt move my arm at all. Then he gave me a bullet that was double the size Tunet Magnum #6, I shot with it, and my whole arm flew back because I didnt expect such a huge amount of pressure. The other times I shot with those bullets I only got little shocks on my arm, but not much. I imagined if I would shoot with his double-barrel shotgun. I believe that I would fly all the way back as my grandfather did once and hes a 100 times stronger than I am. I hunt because I want to be in nature, help the environment, and shoot something off course. Shooting something is fun but you have to respect the environment by not killing too much and also not to kill protected animals like I once did. It was my first bird I ever shot, but now I only shoot the ones that are permitted to be shot. When you shoot, have the gun in the right position so you dont fly backwards. One thing to remember is to respect the law of hunting because the fines are very high. Get your hunting license if youre 15 or older because youre going to see that hunting is a fantastic hobby for everybody.

Essay on Smileys people, and Spy game Essays

Essay on Smileys people, and Spy game Essays Essay on Smileys people, and Spy game Essay Essay on Smileys people, and Spy game Essay In the world of espionage the value of trust Is paramount to Its functioning, however for spies, It Is essential for them to understand the meaning of that trust. This Is evident in John Lee Cares Smiley people, Tony Scoots spy game, and the Late Night Live audio piece on Kim Philly, where the themes, Deceit, Patriotism, and Greater Good, encompasses all three texts. The absence of trust can prevent bonding between friends, and friendship is one of the key elements in the world of espionage, in which trust is built between friends and allies In order to completely trust each other. Betrayal of trust can have a cataclysmic effect on those who have been betrayed. Morality cannot be questioned In the world of espionage. As the safety of the country overrides the importance of an individual. Trust can be sacrificed if it clashes with the overall objectives. Spying is the ultimate form of patriotism, as an individual sacrifices many of his rights and freedoms to fulfill the Job. In the world of espionage, friendship is a key element in which trust is built between friends and allies in order to completely trust each other, and the absence of It can hinder bonds between them. Deceit is a major theme evident In all three texts, and In friendship, true friends dont hide anything from each other. In the Lenss audio piece, Elliot and Philly were very close, they were bonded really well, they shared a similar sense of humor and went through WWW together, since Elliot was on Britains side and Philly was on the Soviets, the countries were allied against Germany. The affectionate tone, gives us an Insight of how close they were, and how much Elliot trusted Philly. Friends are supposed to trust each other, and that Is seen between Philly and Elliot. However, Philly takes advantage of the trust between friends to obtain confidential information for the Soviets, which led to thousands of MOM agents being betrayed. This is also evident in John lee Cares Smiley people, We need someone from his past, George. Someone who knew his little ways, can identify him, damp down potential scandal. We need you, George. Now George, wake up where George finds out that his old friend and associate had been shot dead. The repetition of George depicts the close bond that they had with each other, they were associates and very good friends. George and Vladimir obtained Vladimir obtained much confidential information from the Soviets together, so when Vladimir was murdered, Alcoa had to repeat the news to George, because he was in disbelief over the incident. In Tony Scoots movie, spy game, Mir is deceitful to Bishop and Bishop realizes this. True friends dont hide anything from each other. Bishop says to Mir muff know everything about me. I dont know a thing about you. The Juxtaposition through dialogue of know everything and dont know a thing creates a wide gap of knowledge between the two friends. The fact that Mir doesnt disclose his personal life to Bishop, suggests that he doesnt trust him yet. However they are friends, and friends are supposed to open up to each other, but Mir doesnt. Bishop wants Mir to open up to him, so that they can become close friends. Therefore in the world of espionage, friendship Is key to strengthen the bonds between friends and trust each of espionage, trust is paramount to its functioning, because friendship is built with trust, in order for agents to trust each other. Betrayal of trust can have a cataclysmic effect on those who have been betrayed, and eaves scars that would never fade. Greater good is apparent in the world of espionage, as spies sacrifice or are sacrificed for the greater good of their country. In Tony Coots spy game, during Operation Rodeo/Cartage Affair, the aim was to transfer Frederica Schmidt from East Germany to West Germany. Mir realizes Anne Cataract is a mole because she knew that someone was crossing the border. She wears black, and that symbolizes evil. Schmidt is then left for dead by Tom Bishop who follows Mir orders. When Schmidt mutters my wife, my children, it makes him seem like a person rather than bait. The close up shot of Schmidt face, gives us a better understanding of his emotions, as the audience can see his feeling of desperation, and helplessness. His defeated look, engages the audience to feel sympathy for Schmidt. Ann.s betrayal of the agencys trust, has lead to Schmidt and his family being killed, and has left Tom Bishop in frustration. Bishop continually looks at the rear mirror, which signals that his personal emotions are infringing his ability to do his Job. The deceit committed by the agency has left a cataclysmic effect on him. This brings in the notion of sacrifice for the greater good, as Schmidt individual importance was undermined and expendable for the greater good of the agencys safety. Similarly in Lenss audiophile, Elliot abandoned his friendship with Philly for the greater good of Britain, as Philips deceit has lead to thousands of agents betrayed, due to this friendship. The word thousands creates cruel imagery in the audiences mind, and they imagine the many agents that have been betrayed. The effect of the cruel imagery of the horrendous amount of agents being betrayed, implements a sense of outrage from the audience. The outrage, is directed at Philly s they condemn his deceit and lack of morality towards other human beings. In Smiley people, deceit is widespread. Because the General had a terror of betrayal, Smiley thought. The old boy saw it everywhere, in everyone around him. The use of allusion of the old boy to a veteran of the world of espionage, is indicative that he has experienced many deceitful things throughout his life. Vladimir was cautious of everyone around him, because he didnt want to trust somebody, and then get betrayed, especially by the people he worked with/for. Therefore he knows to trust nobody, as anyone can betray him. Thus, betrayal of trust produces lifelong scars to those who have been betrayed. Hence, in the world of espionage the value of trust is paramount to its functioning, and if trust is betrayed then it significantly affects those betrayed and leaves lifelong scars then will never fade away. Patriotism is a significant theme in the world of espionage because, such a vigorous support for ones country pressures them into disregarding everything, and to only focus on the duty. Morality cannot be questioned in the world of espionage, as the safety of the country overrides the importance of an individual. Trust can be sacrificed if it clashes with the overall objectives. In the LEN audio piece on Kim betraying my country, I hope that I may have the guts to betray my country. . The use of first person, emphasizes the importance of the personal decision. This arises the question, as to whether you can really trust another human being. Different people may have a different view, as some people may choose to betray their friends rather than their country. Patriotism plays a part in the world of espionage, because spying is the ultimate form of patriotism, as an individual sacrifices many of his rights, freedoms, and even friendships to succeed in their Jobs. Similarly in smiley people, Alcoa complains that he is restricted by the circus and, the high accountability someone in his position has. Alcoa prowled the threadbare carpet like a man made restless by his conscience The simile relates Lagoons anxiety, created by his conscience, to a old worn out carpet. This implies that Alcoa is fed up with the responsibility of being accountable for immoral actions. This gives the audience an insight of the dark and cruel world of espionage, and the troubles spies have to encounter. In the world of espionage, spies are trained to see the state a s being top rarity and so therefore values such as importance of an individual life are disregarded. Spies many also use the needs of the state to Justify their immoral actions, as part of the Job. In Tony Scoots spy game, Bishop is sacrificed for the successful outcome of trade negotiations with China. Mir asks the government bureaucrats at the briefing Why are you trying to burn Bishop? . The silence and the soft depressing non-dietetic music after the question was asked, compels the audience to think about what was Just said. Thus, the silence builds tension among the audience with in turn foreshadows the importance of their decision. The government bureaucrats know the greater good of the trade negotiations with China, overwrites the importance of Bishops life. They are willing to sacrifice the trust Bishop has in them, in order for the greater good to prevail. They have made the decision to abandon him, as it endangers the economical safety of the United States. Consequently, morality cannot be questioned in the world of espionage as the safety of the country outweighs individual importance. Patriotism is the force that pushes the agents to make certain decisions, and complete the overall objectives, even Hough trust is sacrificed in some of those decisions. In conclusion, in the world of espionage the value of trust is paramount, as the themes Deceit, Patriotism, and Greater Good, surround the texts John Lee Cares Smiley people, Tony Scoots spy game, and the Late Night Live audio piece on Kim Philly. The themes are interconnected, as trust is evident in all the themes. Friendship is one of the key elements in the world of espionage and trust is built between friends and allies in order to completely trust each other. The absence of the trust that is build up in friendships, prevents bonding between friends. Betrayal of trust can have cataclysmic effect on those who have been betrayed, and leaves scars that would never fade. Morality isnt valued in the world of espionage, as the safety of the country overrides the importance of an individual, and trust can be sacrificed if it clashes with the overall objectives. Patriotism is apparent in the world of espionage, because spying is the ultimate form of patriotism, as it requires an individual to sacrifice many of his rights, freedoms and friendships to fulfill the Job. Functioning, however for many spies, it is essential for them to understand the meaning of that trust.

How to Prove Your Skills On Your Resume With The SPARK Formula

How to Prove Your Skills On Your Resume With The SPARK Formula Correcting hundreds of resumes has taught me that most applicants write their resume with no specific skillset in mind. They think about the main tasks they had in a role, write them up and that’s it. The result is often a weak resume that doesn’t highlight what makes them the dream candidate for the position and firm they’re targeting. Which is really too bad, because they’re usually qualified! To short circuit this line of thinking and better structure the way applicants tell their experiences, I came up with what I like to call the SPARK formula. Spark as in ‘spark interest’ and ‘spark your resume’, yes, but more importantly spark as in:  Skill,  Problem,  Action,  Result,  Keyword.And here’s how to apply the formula:SKILL: Compose your skillset strategicallyAs you can see, ‘skill’ is the first part of the formula. This is because the first thing you do is choosing a specific skill you wish to add to your resume. Preferably one from the job description. Not a task or a process, not even an achievement or a result. A skill.There are two types of skills you can include on your resume: your transferable soft skills, which are soft skills that ‘transfer’ across industries, such as communication and leadership skills. And then there are industry-specific technical skills, which are only relevant in their industry. For example, SEO analysis is a digital marketing skill that cannot be transferred to a job, let’s say, in customer service. However, even a skilled SEO analyst needs to demonstrate strong communication skills in order to communicate his findings and recommendations to the marketing and content creation teams.So to compose your skillset strategically, you have to extract the transferable and industry-specific skills the job posting lists and match them as close as you can!PROBLEM: Identify a problem you helped solveStep two consists in defining a probl em (either yours or your previous employer’s) that is related to the skill you chose above. This should be a problem you might also encounter at the job you’re targeting, should they decide to hire you.In our SEO analysis example, the problem would be that the website doesn’t get enough traffic, for example.ACTION: Describe the action you took to solve the problem (with an action verb)So what did you do exactly to solve the problem? Be specific when describing your experience. Focus on actions you took and tools you used.To write it out, start each bullet point of what you accomplished with an action-oriented, skills-based verb. For example, ‘Launched a social media campaign and coordinated its implementation across Google+, Linkedin, Twitter, Pinterest and Facebook.’And here’s a tip: don’t use the same action verb twice throughout your resume! To make sure you have enough inspiration, check out this list of 250 action verbs (PDF).RESU LT: Quantify your results with numbersTo make your resume really stand out, you have to quantify your results as much as you can. What was the direct result of your action? What did you accomplish? Give concrete results by quantifying them with numbers.So our previous example becomes: ‘Launched a social media campaign and coordinated its implementation across Google+, Linkedin, Twitter, Pinterest and Facebook, attracting 2000+ new leads. Increased sales by 22%.’Doesn’t this sound more impressive already?KEYWORDS: Tweak your vocabulary to include relevant keywordsKeywords are descriptive words, mostly nouns, that capture hard skills acquired through education and experience and associated to specific industries. And while some keywords can apply to skills within a variety of industries – like Project Management or Customer Service – others are more sector-specific, like SEO Analysis, Lean Manufacturing or Product Design.This is important because Link edin Recruit and Applicant Tracking Software scan for these words, as do recruiters!, to select only the candidates with relevant experience. So failure to integrate appropriate keywords into the resume (and your cover letter!) can make you lose the opportunity to interview.So study the job posting carefully and make a list of the keywords in it. Employers spend a lot of time writing these postings, telling you exactly what they need. Your job is to show them that you are the closest match to their ideal applicant – and the best way of doing that is by using the same words they’re using. So feed their keywords back to them!Now it’s your turn to ‘spark’ your resume!About the author:As a co-founder at Build Your Tomorrow, Mirona Agachi enables millennial job seekers to build job applications that will open the door to their dream careers with step-by-step and word-for-word resources. Start building your own career with her popular ebook ‘10 Step s to Give Your Resume The Ultimate Upgrade’ or by following her on Twitter.

The Use of Technology in Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Use of Technology in Finance - Essay Example Stricter more stringent rules required firms to change their reporting processes, enabling more transparency. The resultant strict rules enacted necessitated firms to adopt modern accounting practices that could only be employed through innovative technology interfaces. The integration of automated or technological applications although costly in terms of resources and time has proven to be an effective control measure for the authorities while simultaneously assisting corporate leaders manage their internal systems. Other benefits of using technology in finance have been the development of enhanced marketing, communication, research and transaction technologies by organizations. Technology has been described as the application of individual, logical or material approach to resolve an impasse that leads to enhanced efficiency. It has been credited with improvement of business operations in firms including: administration, communications (from postal letters to email, mobile phones, telecast etc.), trading (online trading or ecommerce), automated production line technology, and research facilities among others.The need for embracing advanced technology by corporations was highlighted by the tighter regulations enacted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in conformity with compliance rules relating to requirements regarding evaluation of internal control over financial reporting and management certification requirements mandatory to amendments under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that were adopted on June 5, 2003, pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Companies needed advanced technology to detect undesired movement in inconsisten cies, automated reporting, upholding customer assets, violations etc., hence avert bad practices while enhancing the companies efficiency (WS&TStaff, 2005). Corporate governance encompasses the compliance to rules or procedures, traditions, edicts,

Response to Smiths positions in The Worlds Religions Essay

Response to Smiths positions in The Worlds Religions - Essay Example Hinduism’s attitude concerning life is concrete and convincing. It perceives the labor and inconvenience of life, also the delight and achievement that accompany it. In any case, inevitably every person comes to acknowledge with Huston Smith â€Å"that there is no genuine truth here underneath, that everything that seems great in this world is limited, restricted, wears out, and once exhausted leaves need uncovered in all its exposure.† We all look for delight, achievement, and loyal living, yet the point in the long run comes when these things lose their unique magnificence, and we inquire as to whether this is a definitive that life brings to the table. Hinduism perceives that what we truly need, which Smith indicates that is freedom from the incalculable impediments that squeeze so intently to our natural presence. As much as I have learned a lot about the teaching of Hinduism, Smith elaborates further concerning the attitude of Hinduism to life. Interestingly, the w ay to freedom and supernatural union is through a system for training called yoga. There is one way, as well as four, and every location a man’s individual nature. Jnana Yoga is planned for profound competitors who have an in number scholarly twisted. Bhakti yoga depends on commitment and affection for God. Karma Yoga burdens one’s work, which reduces egotism. I agreed with the author’s elucidation about Hindus approach to life and particularly how the yogi leaves friends and family and home behind, and set out with minimal more than begging for bowl.

An Analysis of the Watergate Crisis Essay Example for Free

An Analysis of the Watergate Crisis Essay The Watergate crisis or scandal shrouded America with an attitude of pessimism. From the people involved and the meaning of the controversy then and now, the Watergate crisis rocked the world with political conflicts and power abuse. It also involved crimes such as obstruction of justice, conspiracy, cover up, lying under oath, espionage, burglary, and concealment of evidence. The scandal was named after the Watergate hotel complex in Washington that housed the rival of President Nixons Republican Party, the Democratic Party. The crisis was so powerful that it resulted in the resignation of President Nixon, indictment of the President and his men, and significant media and political effects. The scandal started out with classified documents, clumsy thefts, and a trail of crimes pointing directly to Nixons re-election committee. Thereafter, the crisis did not stop at the tactless White House personnel or the famous Presidents men. It continued all the way to Nixon himself which caused him his Oval Office. It was perceived as a political crisis created by a leaders greed, cruelty and paranoia. Ultimately, history accounted that Nixons own evil foe was not his political opponents but himself. It was chronicled by several books, articles, and official and federal documents, as well as a Redford-Hoffman movie in 1976. The Watergate scandal served not only as previous catalysts of American political, social and moral changes but now more as reminders or guiding principles of American lives. Historical Summary In the history of American presidential politics, the Watergate incident was taken as the most grave and peculiar crisis or scandal. This is because of the apparent direct involvement in several crimes of the president himself and his men. In his book, â€Å"The Watergate Crisis,† Genovese (1999) described the scandal as unusual and Nixon as an unusual kind of President of the United States (Genovese, 1999). According to Genovese (1999), the cause of the Watergate scandal can be traced from the negative impacts, such as the factions, of the Vietnam War. Nixon had difficulty getting out from the said divisive war and was eventually faced with various protests. Genovese (1999) added that with pressures to stop the protests and get out of the Vietnam war with respect and dignity intact, Nixon unfortunately created a route filled with â€Å"leak plugging, wiretapping, a secret war in Cambodia, and a series of criminal acts that in the end led to his downfall and fed the already significant erosion of public trust in government† (p. 3). The same Genovese book further said that what used to be a general term that referred to the burglary of the offices of the Democratic National Committee in a Washington hotel complex resulted into various linking terminologies and included beneath it are several crimes. The crisis caused the downfall of Nixon while several highest-ranking government officials were made to serve jail terms, hurting the nation as a result (Genovese, 1999). The Watergate Break-in The Watergate break-in or burglary happened on June 17, 1972 (Sirica, 1979). During his round, a security officer of the Watergate Hotel Complex in Washington D. C. identified as Frank Willis saw a tape covering various locks of different doors in the area. Willis discreetly reported the matter to the police and thereafter, five burglars were arrested. The five men were suspected of illegally wiretapping and stealing classified documents inside the office of the Democratic National Committee or DNC (Sirica, 1979). The suspects were identified in the book of Dickinson, Cross and Polsky (1973) as â€Å"Virgilio Gonzales, Bernard Barker, James W. McCord, Jr. , Eugenio Martinez and Frank Sturgis. † The suspects, later uncovered as former CIA and FBI agents, were â€Å"charged with attempted burglary and attempted interception of telephone and other communications† (Dickinson, Cross Polsky, 1973). Five men and two other suspects, identified as E. Howard Hunt, Jr. and Gordon Liddy, were accused by a grand jury of â€Å"conspiracy, burglary and violation of federal wiretapping laws† on September 15, 1972. It was also discovered after investigation that the suspects’ goal was to plant a bug in the office of DNC Chairman, Larry OBrien (Lewis, 1972). A multi-investigation conducted by the U. S. Congress, FBI and media revealed that the direct or indirect connection of the seven suspects to Nixons Re-election committee. Nixon initially said that his aides were not involved in the case. The cover-up was later disclosed and exposed irregularities and illegal activities of the Nixon Re-election committee. The results of the investigation concluded that the re-election committee â€Å"received covert campaign funds from big companies, played dirty tricks on Democratic candidates during the 1972 election campaign, attempted to use the FBI and other government agencies against political enemies, and set up a secret group to carry out unlawful activities against political enemies† (cited in Scholastic, 1989). In view of this, America and the world were then convinced of a conspiracy linking the President and his men. The suspects who broke into OBrien’s office and the Presidents men involved were tried and eventually convicted in 1973. The following year, the bungled break-in eventually caused Nixon his position as he resigned as the President of the United States on August 9, 1974 (Scholastic, 1989). The Washington Post Investigation The Watergate scandal was publicized by The Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein through a confidential but reliable source whom they named Deep Throat. An initial headline of â€Å"Five Held in Plot to Bug Democratic Offices Here,† that appeared at the bottom of the newspapers page one on Sunday, June 18, 1972, signaled the Washington Posts investigation. The two young reporters wrote the arrest of a group of former FBI and CIA agents who â€Å"broke into, illegally wiretapped and stole classified documents from the offices of the Democratic National Committee in the Watergate office complex in Washington† (â€Å"The Watergate Story Part 1,† 2008). Bernstein and Woodward were intrigued with the details of the story and the turn of events. Citing police sources, Woodward wrote that the burglars â€Å"came from Miami, wore surgical gloves and carried thousands of dollars in cash† (â€Å"The Watergate Story Part 1,† 2008). The break-in appeared to be a professional type operation, added Woodward (â€Å"The Watergate Story Part 1,† 2008). As told by the Washington post and its reporters, the intriguing yet interesting developments of the story shook Washington for two years, resulted into the resignation of Nixon and eventually created political impacts (â€Å"The Watergate Story Part 1,† 2008). According to an online compilation of the Watergate events posted at the Washington Posts site, Woodward and Bernstein became part of the various revelatory articles that the said newspaper published. Thereafter, the succeeding Washington Post coverage of the Watergate scandal further exposed the involvement of several of the Presidents men and the ultimate link of Nixon and his campaign funds to the various crimes. The newspapers account of the scandal also ran the grand jury investigation that identified and indicted â€Å"All the Presidents Men† for their respective involvement in the crimes (â€Å"The Watergate Story Part 1,† 2008). A significant mark of the Washington Post and â€Å"Bernstein† reporting of the Watergate scandal was â€Å"Deep Throat. † A confidential source by Woodward, â€Å"Deep Throat† was identified only in 2005 or 33 years later as Mark Felt. He was the second highest-ranking FBI official who at the height of the scandal, confirmed or denied information to the two reporters and guided them to pursue specific leads (â€Å"The Watergate Story Part 1,† 2008). A string of exclusives by Woodward and Bernstein and the determination of Post publisher Katherine Graham to expose the truth made the FBI finally penetrated the White House denials and the conduct of the grand jury investigation. This momentum led to the loss of job, prosecution and conviction of the involved officials of the Nixon administration and ultimately the impeachment against the President and his eventual resignation on August 8, 1974. Nixons successor, President Ford, granted the former full, free and absolute pardon one month later (â€Å"The Watergate Story Part 3,† 2008). The Government Investigation The Watergate probe called for the courts, the Congress, and a special prosecutor to investigate its top-to-bottom connections to the White House. According to the same Washington Post online source, the investigation involved Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox, North Carolina Senator Sam Ervin and the FBI. Woodward and Bernstein stories reported the eventual breaking out of Nixons men from his administration and the disclosure of events that were linked to the scandal. One example was the revelation of secret tapes that further exposed Nixons involvement. The deep connection of Nixon resulted into a firestorm of firings called â€Å"the Saturday Night Massacre. † Amid impeachment against the President, he still denied accusations and stayed in his office (â€Å"The Watergate Story Part 2,† 2008). The Watergate Scandal and Nixon In his book, Genovese (1999) noted that Nixon was a â€Å"complex, multidimensional figure, a man of many contradictions. † (p. 57). Genovese (1999) said that these characteristics of Nixon and the Watergate crisis were manifestations of â€Å"a period of presidential lawlessness unprecedented in American history† (p. 57). Nixon was an example of a president who initially took an oath to faithfully execute the law but eventually went beyond and broke it (Genovese, 1999, p. 69). As a result, the Watergate scandal created several questions about the American constitution and democracy (Genovese, 1999). Nixons initial show of defense rooted from the solid support of his men eventually cracked down and led to his televised resignation. During his televised speech, Nixon states, by taking this action, I hope that I will have hastened the start of the process of healing which is so desperately needed in America. I deeply regret any injuries that may have been done in the course of the events that led to this decision. Those who hate you dont win unless you hate them, and then you destroy yourself (â€Å"The Watergate Story Part 3,† 2008). Ford was sworn into office the next day but pardoned Nixon a month after. The events did not stop there as the influence of the scandal continued. The interconnecting controversies ignited a fresh and lasting doubt about American politics. It created new American political words and made the Congress approve laws concerning campaign finance reforms as well as investigation on the functions of CIA and several agencies of the government. Woodward and Bernsteins coverage was turned into a book and a hit movie entitled â€Å"All the Presidents Men† which instilled American media with a fresh harmful advantage. The scandal brought lasting and immeasurable effects on American politics (â€Å"The Watergate Story Part 3,† 2008). American Politics and Media Genovese (1999) affirmed the impression of Washington Post mentioned previously and stated that the Watergate scandal changed American politics and the issue of presidential corruption (Genovese, 1999). He added that, because of the crisis, the media became more interfering and subjective, the public became more distrustful and indifferent about its government, the relation between the executive and legislative branches of the government became unpleasant and factious and partisan conflicts became more intense (Genovese, 1999). Conclusion The Watergate crisis left profound and detrimental effects on American politics and history in general. It has resulted into distrust among the government officials and a wider gap between the branches of the government. Another effect of the scandal was that it made the succeeding Presidents more susceptible to the criticisms and suggestions of the public. The Nixon presidency has left a mark on the American politics which harmed the present list of presidents. The scandal has undeniably affected the political agenda of the succeeding presidents who were subjected to the scrutiny of the public. Nonetheless, the scandal also has its positive points to remember. These included the upholding of the freedom and power of the press as well as the effectivity of the justice system. By themselves, Nixon and the Watergate Crisis did not cause the degradation of American politics and decline of trust to the government. Incontestably, however, the fallen President and his scandal did remold the publics view of the American story from one of presumed good goals to one of outstanding hostility. References Dickinson, W. B. Mercer Cross, B. P. (1973). Watergate: Chronology of a crisis. Washington D. C: Congressional Quarterly, Inc. Genovese, M. A. (1999). The Watergate Crisis.London: Greenwood Press. Lewis, A. E. (1972, June 18). 5 held in plot to bug Democrats office here. The Washington Post, A01. Retrieved from http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2002/05/31/AR2005111001227_pf. html Scholastic, Inc. (1989). The Case of Watergate. The Presidency, Congress, and the Supreme Court. Retrieved April 19, 2008, from Scholastic database. Sirica, J. J. (1979). To set the record straight: The Break-in, the tapes, the conspirators, the pardon. New York: Norton. The Watergate Story Part 1. (2008). The Washington Post. Retrieved April 7, 2008, from http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-srv/politics/special/watergate/part1. html The Watergate Story Part 2. (2008). The Washington Post. Retrieved April 7, 2008, from http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-srv/politics/special/watergate/part2. html The Watergate Story Part 3. (2008). The Washington Post. Retrieved April 7, 2008, from http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-srv/politics/special/watergate/part3. html

Eichmann, the Banality of Evil, and Thinking in Arendts Thought Essay

Eichmann, the Banality of Evil, and Thinking in Arendt's Thought* ABSTRACT: I analyze the ways in which the faculty of thinking can avoid evil action, taking into account Hannah Arendt's discussion regarding the banality of evil and thoughtlessness in connection with the Eichmann trial. I focus on the following question posed by Arendt: "Could the activity of thinking as such, the habit of examining and reflecting upon whatever happens to come to pass, regardless of specific content and quite independent of results, could this activity be of such a nature that it 'conditions' men against evildoing?" Examples of the connection between evildoing and thinking include the distinction between the commonplace and the banal, and the absence of the depth characteristic of banality and the necessity of thinking as the means for depth. I then focus upon Arendt's model thinker (Socrates) and argue that the faculty of thinking works to avoid evildoing by utilizing the Socratic principle of noncontradiction. "What is the subject of our thought? Experience! Nothing else!" (1) (Hannah Arendt) Eichmann in Jerusalem (2) was originated when Hannah Arendt went to Jerusalem in order to report, for The New Yorker, on the trial of Otto Adolf Eichmann, (3) who was acused of crimes against the Jewish people, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The trial began in April 15, 1961. The New York Times had announced Eichmann's capture by Israeli agents in Argentina, in May 24, 1960. Israel and Argentina had discussed Eichmann's extradition to Israel, and the United Nations finally decided the legality of Jerusalem Trial. After the confirmation that Eichamnn was to be judged in Israel, Arendt asked The New Yorker's director, William Shamn, to ... ... (29) Ibid. (30) 'Ibid. (31) See, in this regard, TMC, p. 425. (32) TMC, p. 423. (33) LM p. 168. (34) LM., p. 180. (35) (Protagoras, 339c.) LM p.186. (36) The first part of the Morality Lectures 1995, given by Arendt at New School, was published as "Some Questions of Moral Philosophy." In Social Research, Vol. 61, No. 4 (Winter 1994), pp. 739-64. The other three parts remain unpublished as "Some Questions of Moral Philosophy". Morality Lectures 1965, New School for Social Research, Hannah Arendt's Papers, The Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, container 45. We will take the following systematic: 'Some Questions of Moral Philosophy I' for the part published and 'Some Questions of Moral Philosophy II' for the unpublished one. This quotation is in 'Some Questions of Moral Philosophy II' 024633. (37) Ibid., 024636. (38) LM., p. 193.

Being on Time in the Military

In the military there are set standards, most of which are pretty simply accomplished. All soldiers are expected to meet these standards on a daily basis, as being in the Army is a 24 hours a day, 7 days week job. One of these standards that holds great importance is accountability, as well as being on time. Failure to meet these standards can and will result in some quite extensively negative consequences. Soldier’s are responsible for reporting to their squad leaders. This allows the NCO and the rest of the chain of command to ensure that they are at the right place at the right time. Without proper accountability it is impossible to know if, for instance, a soldier is injured or missing. Having proper accountability can prevent much confusion, frustration, and even dangers among the unit. If someone has not reported to their squad leader, they may assume that that person is missing, injured, or simply AWOL. Morning formation is the most important formation of the day. First formation tells the chain of command who is where. If the enlisted in charge can not give a list of who is where at that time, it can cause issue down the chain. This formation lets the higher command know who is available to be assigned to additional details, and who is currently on a detail. It ensures that everyone who is supposed to be there is showing up on time for work, earning their paycheck. The work call formation can be just as important as morning formation. When someone doesn’t show up, it can cause complications for the current mission(s) and the unit. The responsibilities of that person will have to fall upon the others in the unit, creating frustrated and tired soldiers. If a soldier does not show up at the mandated time and place, it will then be the chain of command’s responsibility to implement corrective training that matches the offence. If the soldier can not be at the right time and place, it gives the impression that they are not dependable. Having a soldier in your ranks who you can not count on or trust can have a chain reaction of negative effects. Distrust in itself can lead to negative feelings toward each other. These negative feelings can spread, and cause soldiers to become hostile and possibly violent with others. In garrison, these issues can be more easily solved. However, when overseas the soldiers will be together far more often, and will need to count on each other to have their backs and possibly save their lives. Trust is a very important attribute to have within the unit. If someone is always late, undependable, and can’t be trusted, how are the other soldiers supposed to count on that person to have their back overseas? A unit cannot act as a team without this necessary dependency on each other. In instances such as missing movement, harsher consequences will follow. Article 87 from UCMJ states that â€Å"Any person subject to this chapter who through neglect or design misses the movement of a ship, aircraft, or unit with which he is required in the course of duty to move shall be punished as a court-martial may direct. † This means that if a soldier knowingly, either by neglect to prepare or by intent misses a movement, they will go to trial by court marshal. If a movement is missed, it opens up a whole world of problems for the rest of the unit. If the soldier can not be found in time, they may need to come up with a replacement to that person’s job. When no replacement can be found, the working unit will be left one man short. Again, that persons responsiblities will fall on everybody else. In an overseas environment where stress and depression rates are higher, this is not a good thing. It is my opinion that someone who misses movement is essentially abandoning their buddies. Each and every soldier in the Army is trained to be punctual and responsible. We are taught from the first day at basic training to be 15 minutes early to each and every formation. It is a basic soldiering skill, that does not require much skill or thinking at all. Being on Time in the Military In the military there are set standards, most of which are pretty simply accomplished. All soldiers are expected to meet these standards on a daily basis, as being in the Army is a 24 hours a day, 7 days week job. One of these standards that holds great importance is accountability, as well as being on time. Failure to meet these standards can and will result in some quite extensively negative consequences. Soldier’s are responsible for reporting to their squad leaders. This allows the NCO and the rest of the chain of command to ensure that they are at the right place at the right time. Without proper accountability it is impossible to know if, for instance, a soldier is injured or missing. Having proper accountability can prevent much confusion, frustration, and even dangers among the unit. If someone has not reported to their squad leader, they may assume that that person is missing, injured, or simply AWOL. Morning formation is the most important formation of the day. First formation tells the chain of command who is where. If the enlisted in charge can not give a list of who is where at that time, it can cause issue down the chain. This formation lets the higher command know who is available to be assigned to additional details, and who is currently on a detail. It ensures that everyone who is supposed to be there is showing up on time for work, earning their paycheck. The work call formation can be just as important as morning formation. When someone doesn’t show up, it can cause complications for the current mission(s) and the unit. The responsibilities of that person will have to fall upon the others in the unit, creating frustrated and tired soldiers. If a soldier does not show up at the mandated time and place, it will then be the chain of command’s responsibility to implement corrective training that matches the offence. If the soldier can not be at the right time and place, it gives the impression that they are not dependable. Having a soldier in your ranks who you can not count on or trust can have a chain reaction of negative effects. Distrust in itself can lead to negative feelings toward each other. These negative feelings can spread, and cause soldiers to become hostile and possibly violent with others. In garrison, these issues can be more easily solved. However, when overseas the soldiers will be together far more often, and will need to count on each other to have their backs and possibly save their lives. Trust is a very important attribute to have within the unit. If someone is always late, undependable, and can’t be trusted, how are the other soldiers supposed to count on that person to have their back overseas? A unit cannot act as a team without this necessary dependency on each other. In instances such as missing movement, harsher consequences will follow. Article 87 from UCMJ states that â€Å"Any person subject to this chapter who through neglect or design misses the movement of a ship, aircraft, or unit with which he is required in the course of duty to move shall be punished as a court-martial may direct. † This means that if a soldier knowingly, either by neglect to prepare or by intent misses a movement, they will go to trial by court marshal. If a movement is missed, it opens up a whole world of problems for the rest of the unit. If the soldier can not be found in time, they may need to come up with a replacement to that person’s job. When no replacement can be found, the working unit will be left one man short. Again, that persons responsiblities will fall on everybody else. In an overseas environment where stress and depression rates are higher, this is not a good thing. It is my opinion that someone who misses movement is essentially abandoning their buddies. Each and every soldier in the Army is trained to be punctual and responsible. We are taught from the first day at basic training to be 15 minutes early to each and every formation. It is a basic soldiering skill, that does not require much skill or thinking at all.

The Code Of Ethics In Advocacy

The term advocacy has been used in various contexts such as in legal mechanisms as well as in social services. Yet, the notions on advocacy have a common ground – that is it pertains to an act made for the benefit of other person. By such definition, advocacy can really be used in different circumstances. For example, in courtroom sessions, the prosecution lawyers advocate the legal rights of their client. Obviously, advocacy is used to define how lawyers want to voice out the need of their client for the upholding of the latter’s right.Advocacy can also be seen in services offered by social workers. The social workers act in behalf of unfortunate individuals who wish to improve their social inadequacies. What Advocacy Is? As defined by Neil Bateman, advocacy refers to an act of pleading in support of another person. This implies that the central focus of the concept of advocacy is not the advocate but the subject of his advocacy – that is the achievement of the need of his client. Yet such pleading does not necessarily mean that the advocate would plea for mercy.Such is done by means of conversing logical arguments in order to establish the necessity of the advocacy (Bateman, 2000). In effect, the main thesis in the definition of advocacy is that it is done to uphold the welfare rights of those people who are socially marginalized. The function of the advocate then is to make it clear to the other party that there is a need for the betterment of these marginalized people. Furthermore, the concept of advocacy wants to clarify the distinguishing terms associated with the very concept of â€Å"client (Bateman, 2000).The most common expression use to denote the latter is customer. However, people who define advocacy thinks that it would become very discriminating on the part of the client to say that he is a customer which also means that he is a â€Å"service-user. † Yet that is the very thing that is happening. Nevertheless, these pe ople would like to change such connotation by saying that client are not mere service-user but a partner of the advocate himself. By that, it is ore appropriate to call them as â€Å"partners† and not service-users (Henderson & Pochin, 2001).The Need for the Code of Ethics in Advocacy As mentioned earlier, the main theme of advocacy lies on the idea that the advocate is doing his effort for the sake of another person. Hence it must be clear that the advocate is not acting for his own interests but for the betterment of the welfare of his client. This must be observed for the reason that advocacy would lose its essence if the object of advocacy is defeated by the idea that the advocate is only doing it for his own sake.Moreover, advocacy is intended to create a very profound relationship among the advocates and the clients themselves. In the first place, there is a need to establish an open communication on the part of the client and the advocate in order to fully address the former’s grievances or demands (Henderson & Pochin, 2001). And in doing so, the advocate is required to have a moral sense so as to become aware of the feelings and other concerns of his client.For example in a case of a rape-victim, the advocate should be careful enough not to make actions that are offending to his client. Though he is the latter’s advocate, it does not allow him to trespass his client’s personal concerns such as privacy. More often then not, the advocate and the client made an agreement in which the limitations of one another are set. Such agreement is made to make sure that the advocate would not go beyond limitations. In addition, John Weafer viewed advocacy as that which empowers those people who are not motivated or capable to speak for themselves.Empowerment means that the advocate is supporting the welfare of his client to the point that he is fighting for what is the most advantageous thing for his client. The advocate stands for the ne ed of the client. Hence it is needed that the advocate has the same view and principle regarding the case of his client in order to avoid future moral dilemmas that may impair the realization of a particular advocacy (Weafer, 2003). Also, Weafer argued that in advocacy, the advocate is making negotiations with the other side (other party) in behalf of a person who is socially marginalized.The promotion of the welfare rights of those people who are left out (also known as the marginalized sector of the society) is the underlying principle behind the concept of advocacy (Weafer, 2003). It is to be noted that there are people who do not have access to certain information that has concern with their welfare. The task of an advocate is to make this information accessible and open to their clients so as to get their full reactions and demands. Thus, the code ethics that the advocate must follow includes that above all things, the advocate must maintain the same position as what his client has.Secondly, the advocate must never use the need of the client as means for his own success or for his own interests but always treat such as the end (as how Kantian puts it). Next, the advocate must always seek the permission of his client for all the relevant things that concern his client before he uses it as one of his means to pursue the advocacy. Lastly, the advocate has a duty towards his client to inform him about the development and progress of the advocacy. Irish Report: Voluntary Hospice Movement in IrelandThe advocacy to increase the number of hospices in Ireland as well as to improve the facilities in established hospices has been the most current movement in Ireland. According to the report, the advocates of the hospice movement demand to increase the services rendered by the hospices as well as to advance the in-patient facilities (Hospice/Palliative Care in Ireland). Such is being raised by the advocates to ensure that ill-people would receive greater and better a mount of treatment.By such advocacy, the Irish government has started to give full attentions on the establishment of hospices all over the country as well as on the development of hospice services. Although the state has promised to allocate funds for the advocacy on hospices, the government is asking for a partnership with the volunteer bodies and organizations so as to maintain the monitoring and advancement of hospices. The advocacy has become an extensive campaign that necessitated the consideration of founding hospices in whole Ireland. ConclusionTo sum up, advocacy pertains to the act of supporting or doing something in behalf of others. The main core of the concept of advocacy revolves on the idea that it is done for the benefit of other not for own sake. Acting for the sake of other people requires the advocate to become morally aware of his actions and purposes in order to protect the interests and the original need of his client. The code of ethics mentioned in this paper will give moral standard on how an advocate shall act in the pursuit his objective – a particular advocacy.

The Partition of India and Creation of Pakistan

The Partition of India and Creation of Pakistan The Partition of India was the process of dividing the subcontinent along sectarian lines, which took place in 1947 as India gained its independence from the British Raj. The northern, predominantly Muslim sections of India became the nation of Pakistan, while the southern and majority Hindu section became the Republic of India. Fast Facts: the Partition of India Short Description: At the time of Indian independence from Great Britain, the subcontinent was broken into two partsKey Players/Participants: Muhammed Ali Jinnah, Jawaharlal Nehru, Mohandas Gandhi, Louis Mountbatten, Cyril RadcliffeEvent Start Date: End of World War II, the ouster of Churchill, and the ascension of the Labour Party in BritainEvent End Date: Aug. 17, 1947Other Significant Dates: The Jan. 30, 1948, the assassination of Mohandas Gandhi; Aug. 14, 1947, the creation of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan; Aug. 15, 1947, the creation of the Republic of IndiaLittle-Known Fact: In the 19th century, sectarian Muslim, Sikh, and Hindu communities shared Indias cities and countryside and cooperated to force Britain to Quit India; it was only after independence became a potential reality that religious hatred began to roil.   Background to Partition Beginning in 1757, the British commercial enterprise known as the East India Company ruled parts of the subcontinent beginning with Bengal, a period known as the Company Rule or Company Raj. In 1858, after the brutal Sepoy Rebellion, the rule of India was transferred to the English crown, with Queen Victoria proclaimed as Empress of India in 1878. By the latter half of the 19th century, England had brought the full force of the Industrial Revolution to the region, with railroads, canals, bridges, and telegraph lines providing new communication links and opportunities. Most of the jobs created went to the English; much of the land used for these advances came from the farmers and were paid for by local taxes.   Medical advances under the Company and British Raj, such as smallpox vaccinations, improved sanitation, and quarantine procedures, led to a steep rise in population. Protectionist landlords depressed agricultural innovations in the rural areas, and as a result, famines broke out. The worst was known as the Great Famine of 1876–1878, when between 6–10 million people died. Universities established in India led to a new middle class, and in turn, social reform and political action began to rise.   The Rise of Sectarian Separation   In 1885, the Hindu-dominated Indian National Congress (INC) met for the first time. When the British made an attempt to divide the state of Bengal along religious lines in 1905, the INC led huge protests against the plan. This sparked the formation of the Muslim League, which sought to guarantee the rights of Muslims in any future independence negotiations.  Although the Muslim League formed in opposition to the INC, and the British colonial government attempted to play the INC and Muslim League off one another, the two political parties generally cooperated in their mutual goal of getting Britain to Quit India. As British historian Yasmin Khan (born 1977) has described,  political events were to destroy the long-term future of that uneasy alliance.   In 1909, the British gave separate electorates to different religious communities, which had the outcome of hardening of boundaries among the different sects. The colonial government emphasized these differences, by such activities as providing separate restroom and water facilities for Muslims and Hindus at the railway terminals. By the 1920s, a heightened sense of religious ethnicity became apparent. Riots broke out at such times as during Holi festival, when sacred cows were slaughtered, or when Hindu religious music was played in front of mosques at prayer time.   World War I and Afterward Despite the growing unrest, both the INC and the Muslim League supported sending Indian volunteer troops to fight on Britains behalf in World War I. In exchange for the service of more than one million Indian soldiers, the people of India expected political concessions up to and including independence. However, after the war, Britain offered no such concessions. In April 1919, a unit of the British Army went to Amritsar, in Punjab, to silence pro-independence unrest. The units commander ordered his men to open fire on the unarmed crowd, killing more than 1,000 protesters. When word of the Amritsar Massacre spread around India, hundreds of thousands of formerly apolitical people became supporters of the INC and the Muslim League. In the 1930s, Mohandas Gandhi (1869–1948) became the leading figure in the INC. Although he advocated a unified Hindu and Muslim India, with equal rights for all, other INC members were less inclined to join with Muslims against the British. As a result, the Muslim League began to make plans for a separate Muslim state. World War II World War II sparked a crisis in relations between the British, the INC, and the Muslim League. The British government expected India once again to provide much-needed soldiers and material for the war effort, but the INC opposed sending Indians to fight and die in Britains war. After the betrayal following World War I, the INC saw no benefit for India in such a sacrifice. The Muslim League, however, decided to back Britains call for volunteers, in an effort to curry British favor in support of a Muslim nation in post-independence northern India. Before the war had even ended, public opinion in Britain had swung against the distraction and expense of empire: the cost of the war had severely depleted Britains coffers. The party of British prime minister Winston Churchill (1874–1965) was voted out of office, and the pro-independence Labour Party was voted in during 1945. Labour called for almost immediate independence for India, as well as more gradual freedom for Britains other colonial holdings. A Separate Muslim State The Muslim Leagues leader, Muhammed Ali Jinnah (1876–1948), began a public campaign in favor of a separate Muslim state, while Jawaharlal Nehru (1889–1964) of the INC called for a unified India. The INC leaders such as Nehru were in favor of a united India since Hindus would have formed the vast majority of the Indian population and would have been in control of any democratic form of government.   As independence neared, the country began to descend toward a sectarian civil war. Although Gandhi implored the Indian people to unite in peaceful opposition to British rule, the Muslim League sponsored a Direct Action Day on August 16, 1946, which resulted in the deaths of more than 4,000 Hindus and Sikhs in Calcutta (Kolkata). This touched off the Week of the Long Knives, an orgy of sectarian violence that resulted in hundreds of deaths on both sides in various cities across the country. Indian Independence Act of 1947 In February 1947, the British government announced that India would be granted independence by June 1948. Viceroy for India Louis Mountbatten (1900–1979) pleaded with the Hindu and Muslim leaders to agree to form a united country, but they could not. Only Gandhi supported Mountbattens position. With the country descending further into chaos, Mountbatten reluctantly agreed to the formation of two separate states.   Mountbatten proposed that the new state of Pakistan would be created from the Muslim-majority provinces of Baluchistan and Sindh, and the two contested provinces of Punjab and Bengal would be halved, creating a Hindu Bengal and Punjab, and Muslim Bengal and Punjab. The plan gained agreement from the Muslim League and the INC, and it was announced on June 3, 1947. The date for independence was moved up to Aug. 15, 1947, and all that was left was fine-tuning, determining the physical border separating the two new states. Difficulties of Separation With the decision in favor of partition made, the parties next faced this nearly impossible task of fixing a border between the new states. The Muslims occupied two main regions in the north on opposite sides of the country, separated by a majority-Hindu section. In addition, throughout most of northern India, members of the two religions were mixed together- not to mention populations of Sikhs, Christians, and other minority faiths. The Sikhs campaigned for a nation of their own, but their appeal was denied. In the wealthy and fertile region of Punjab, the problem was extreme, with a nearly even mixture of Hindus and Muslims. Neither side wanted to relinquish this valuable land, and sectarian hatred ran high.   Ravi C. The Radcliffe Line To identify the final or real border, Mountbatten established a Boundary Commission under the chairmanship of Cyril Radcliffe (1899–1977), a British judge and rank outsider. Radcliffe arrived in India on July 8 and published the demarcation line a mere six weeks later on August 17. Punjabi and Bengali legislators were to have a chance to vote on a potential split of the provinces, and a plebiscite for or against joining Pakistan would be necessary for the North-West Frontier Province.   Radcliffe was given five weeks to complete the demarcation. He had no background in Indian affairs, nor did he have any prior experience in adjudicating such disputes. He was a confident amateur, in the words of Indian historian Joya Chatterji, chosen because Radcliffe was supposedly a nonpartisan and thus apolitical actor.   Jinnah had proposed a single commission made up of three impartial persons; but Nehru suggested two commissions, one for Bengal and one for Punjab. They would each be made up of an independent chairman, and two people nominated by the Muslim League and two by the INC. Radcliffe served as both chairs: his job was to put together a rough-and-ready plan for dividing each province as soon as possible, with the fine details to be resolved later.   On Aug. 14, 1947, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan was founded. The following day, the Republic of India was established to the south. On Aug. 17, 1947, Radcliffes award was published.   The Award The Radcliffe line drew the border right down the middle of Punjab province, between Lahore and Amritsar. The award gave West Bengal an area of some 28,000 square miles, containing a population of 21 million people, of whom about 29 percent were Muslims. East Bengal got 49,000 square miles with a population of 39 million, of whom 29 percent were Hindu. In essence, the award created two states in which the ratio of the minority population was almost identical. When the reality of the Partition hit home, residents who found themselves on the wrong side of the Radcliffe line felt extreme confusion and dismay. Worse still, most people did not have access to the printed document, and they simply did not know their immediate future. For more than a year after the award was made, rumors spread through the border communities that they would wake up to find the borders had changed again.   Post-Partition Violence On both sides, people scrambled to get onto the right side of the border or were driven from their homes by their erstwhile neighbors. At least 10 million people fled north or south, depending on their faith, and more than 500,000 were killed in the melee. Trains full of refugees were set upon by militants from both sides, and the passengers massacred. On Dec. 14, 1948, Nehru and the Pakistan Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan (1895–1951) signed the Inter-Dominion Agreement in a desperate attempt to calm the waters. The tribunal was ordered to resolve the boundary disputes growing out of the Radcliffe Line Award, to be headed by Swedish judge Algot Bagge and two high-court judges, C. Aiyar of India and M. Shahabuddin of Pakistan. That tribunal announced its findings in February 1950, clearing up some of the doubts and misinformation, but leaving difficulties in the definition and administration of the border.   Aftermath of Partition According to historian Chatterji, the new border ruptured agricultural communities and divided towns from the hinterlands that they had habitually relied on to supply their needs. Markets were lost and had to be reintegrated or reinvented; supply railheads were separated, as were families. The result was messy, with cross-border smuggling emerging as a thriving enterprise and an increased military presence on both sides.   On Jan. 30, 1948, Mohandas Gandhi was assassinated by a young Hindu radical for his support of a multi-religious state. Separately from Indias partition, Burma (now Myanmar) and Ceylon (Sri Lanka) gained independence in 1948; Bangladesh gained independence from Pakistan in 1971. Since August 1947, India and Pakistan have fought three major wars and one minor war over territorial disputes. The boundary line in Jammu and Kashmir is particularly troubled. These regions were not formally part of the British Raj in India, but were quasi-independent princely states; the ruler of Kashmir agreed to join India despite having a Muslim majority in his territory, resulting in tension and warfare to this day. In 1974, India tested its first nuclear weapon. Pakistan followed in 1998. Thus, any exacerbation of post-Partition tensions today- such as Indias August 2019 crackdown on Kashmiri independence- could be catastrophic. Sources Ahmad, Nafis. The Indo-Pakistan Boundary Disputes Tribunal, 1949–1950. Geographical Review 43.3 (1953): 329–37. Print.Brass, Paul R. The Partition of India and Retributive Genocide in the Punjab, 1946–47: Means, Methods, and Purposes 1. Journal of Genocide Research 5.1 (2003): 71–101. Print.Chatterji, Joya. The Fashioning of a Frontier: The Radcliffe Line and Bengals Border Landscape, 1947–52. Modern Asian Studies 33.1 (1999): 185–242. Print.Khan, Yasmin. The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017. Print.Wilcox, Wayne. The Economic Consequences of Partition: India and Pakistan. Journal of International Affairs 18.2 (1964): 188–97. Print.

11 Signs You’ve “Made It” in America

11 Signs You’ve â€Å"Made It† in America Have you been plugging away nonstop, gunning for success, for years? Maybe you’ve been trying really hard to be the big shot you know you can be, but you just aren’t sure when you can take a moment to rest on your laurels and give yourself a pat on the back. Here are a few signs that you’re well on your way to- if not already- living the new American Dream.1. You have a job.Don’t discount this accomplishment in today’s economy- particularly not if you’re still in your twenties. As long as you’re on that ladder somewhere, and can pay your bills and health insurance, rent your own space, and feed yourself decently healthy food, you’re well on your way. Being able to take care of your own basic needs is not to be undervalued.2. People respect you.You’ve gained respect the right way, by proving yourself to be trustworthy, decent, honest, and a good listener. More than that, people listen to you when you speak and value your o pinions.3. You have hobbies.Hobbies mean you do more than just drink your paycheck and waste time with your friends. They mean you have enough leisure time in addition to your career to pursue other, non-work-related passions. Congrats, you’re becoming a whole person.4. You can travel.If you can afford to take a trip without breaking the bank- a real vacation, then you’ve made it. If you can take multiple trips per year, some abroad, then, well, you’re totally living the dream. And if you can fly first class?5. You have goals.Whether career, personal, or material, you’ve got end points and milestones in mind and are constantly working towards them.6. You own stuff.Do you own your apartment or house, or a car? Either way, no matter how fancy, you’ve really gotten to a majorly mature and successful place. Congrats!7. You can afford stuff.You’re not in a blind panic about how you’ll afford retirement or your kids’ private school o r college education. You might not have it all sorted out, but you have a plan, and you’re saving away as much as possible.8. You have money in your accounts.It’s hard enough to live paycheck to paycheck in your twenties. It’s even harder to break out of that habit and carry a healthy balance month to month. If you have more than $7k in your checking account, you’re basically killing it. And if you have over $30k in your savings, you are doing extraordinarily well.9. You have a second home.If you have a holiday home, no matter how rustic, you’re already in the elite set of second-home owners. You own â€Å"luxury real estate!† That’s huge!10. You can pay for stuff.If a new gadget comes out, or you want to take a weekend trip, or pick up the tab for a group dinner out, you can do so without tons of hemming and hawing. You never have to go to the ladies’ room to check your bank balance on your phone- you just lay down that cash w ithout cringing.11. You shop at the fancy grocery store.If you can do regular shops at Whole Paycheck, then you’re really doing well in this world. So buy yourself that eight dollar juice and walk smugly through the aisles. You’ve really made it.

Social Cognitive Theory SelfEfficacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Social Cognitive Theory SelfEfficacy - Essay Example A step further rewarding or punishing the model for hitting the bobo doll elicited similar reactions on the children. Where the model was rewarded the children who viewed the tape felt inclined to do the same in order to also be rewarded. In the case of punishment the children refrained from imitating the model in fear of punishment. Following this experiment it is clear that personality is imitated and is alterable when reinforcements are placed. This essay therefore discusses this theory in line with related theories and how useful they can actually be in developmental learning. The social/cognitive theory is the brain child of Albert Bandura and has recently become highly influential as a theory of " learning and development." For Bandura, even though he believed in the basic concepts of traditional learning theory, the concept of direct reinforcement could not form the basis for all types of learning. .His theory gives the theory of learning a social aspect arguing that research and observation of behaviours plays a central role in this understanding. According to Bandura, children learn and observe from other people's behaviours. He gives an example where some children observed an adult acting violently toward a Bobo doll. Later on they treated the doll violently as well and this showed how cognition affects learning development.For Bandura there is a trilogy of observational behaviourology for children Learning through a live model (actual demonstration). Learning through the verbal instructional model (descriptions of behaviour). Learning through a symbolic model(for example the examples and stereotypes set in the media) Secondly there is a concept of, Intrinsic Reinforcement within Bandura's account where he has noted that the external, environment is not the only factor to influence learning and behaviour. The concept of intrinsic reinforcement brings with it feelings of internal reward, ( pride, satisfaction, or accomplishment.)So the Social Cognitive theory emphasises upon internal thoughts and how these internal cognitions aid in the understanding of cognitive developmental theories and behaviours. For Bandura this is not the a mere social/behavioural leaning theory but a Social Cognitive theory where he shows that mere learning does not affect behaviour.We learn through observations and experiences. It can arguably lead to a change in behaviour but not the same kind of learning that is reinforced by observation .In his explanation of the "modelling process" he goes on to explain that not all behaviours are learned properly and this depends on the type of model behaviour the child is looking up to. For him the road to effective learning involves certain requirements in the effective observational learning and modelling procedure The learner needs to have an effective attention span and distractions are not good for learning at all.For this the learning material needs to be interesting. Retaining information is very important. The learner should be able to retrieve the information learned at the right place and time.After absorbing information,